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Capitulum XII

Mīles Rōmānus

  • The fourth declension
  • First- and third-class adjectives
  • The comparative in -ior and -ius
  • The dative for possession and naming
  • Cases used with the army and measurements

61 words

Chapter notebook

Words seen

  • frāter brother
  • soror sister
  • nōmen name, family name (the second of a Roman citizen's three names)
  • praenōmen first name, praenomen (the first of a Roman citizen's three names, usually abbreviated: A., C., D., L., M., P., Q., Sex., T.)
  • cognōmen cognomen, third name (the last of a Roman citizen's three names)
  • avunculus maternal uncle (the mother's brother)
  • mīles soldier
  • scūtum shield
  • gladius sword
  • pīlum javelin (of the legionary), pilum
  • arma arms, weapons
  • arcus bow (weapon)
  • sagitta arrow
  • pugnus fist
  • hasta spear, lance
  • pedes foot soldier, infantryman
  • eques horseman, cavalryman
  • pars part, portion
  • fīnis boundary, border, end, (plural) territory
  • patria fatherland, native country
  • hostis enemy (in war)
  • bellum war
  • exercitus army
  • dux leader, general, guide
  • castra camp (military)
  • passus pace (unit of measure: 5 feet, about 1.48 m)
  • fossa ditch, trench
  • vāllum rampart, palisade
  • equitātus cavalry (the body of horsemen)
  • impetus attack, charge (impetum facere in + accusative: to charge, to attack), onset
  • metus fear, dread (= timor)
  • versus line (of a text), verse
  • mīlia thousands (+ genitive plural: duo mīlia hominum = two thousand men)
  • altus high, tall, deep
  • lātus wide, broad
  • armātus armed, under arms (= quī arma fert)
  • barbarus barbarian (neither Roman nor Greek), (as a plural noun) the barbarians
  • vester your, yours (of you plural)
  • brevis short, brief (↔ longus)
  • gravis heavy (↔ levis), serious, grave
  • levis light, not heavy (↔ gravis)
  • fortis brave, courageous, strong
  • trīstis sad (↔ laetus)
  • ferō to carry (= portāre) — in cap. XII: fert, ferunt, fertur, feruntur, ferre, to bring
  • pugnō to fight (cum + ablative: against someone; contrā + accusative)
  • oppugnō to attack, to assault (= pugnāre contrā), to besiege
  • expugnō to take by storm, to capture (a place), to conquer
  • mīlitō to be a soldier, to serve in the army (= mīles esse)
  • incolō to inhabit, to dwell in (+ ACCUSATIVE: terram incolere = in terrā habitāre)
  • dīvidō to divide, to split, to separate (one thing from another)
  • metuō to fear, to dread (= timēre)
  • dēfendō to defend, to protect (↔ oppugnāre)
  • iaciō to throw, to hurl (pīlum iacere; in + accusative: at)
  • fugiō to flee, to run away (ab / ā + ablative: from)
  • contrā against (+ accusative)
  • ac and (= atque; never before a vowel or h)
  • adiectīvum adjective (adi.; the word added to a noun and agreeing with it)
  • comparātīvus comparative (comp.; the degree of the adjective in -ior / -ius)
  • Germānī the Germans (inhabitants of Germānia, beyond the Rhēnus)
  • Gallī the Gauls (inhabitants of Gallia)
  • Hispānī the Hispani (inhabitants of Hispānia)

Sentences seen

  • Mīles Rōmānus magnum scūtum portat.

    The Roman soldier carries a big shield

  • Frāter Līviae mīles Rōmānus est.

    Livia's brother is a Roman soldier.

  • Titō ūnus frāter et duae sorōrēs sunt.

    Titus has one brother and two sisters.

  • Titus frāter Līviae est, sed aliud praenōmen et idem nōmen habet.

    Titus is Livia's brother but he has a different first name and the same family name

  • Pedes hastam et scūtum habet.

    The foot soldier has a spear and a shield

  • Pedes gladium et magnum scūtum portat.

    The foot soldier carries a sword and a big shield.

  • Mīles hastam et arcum in manū tenet.

    The soldier holds a spear and a bow in his hand.

  • Mīles gladium et pīlum portat; arcus cum sagittīs procul est.

    The soldier carries a sword and a javelin the bow with the arrows is far away

  • Dux exercitum in fīnēs hostium dūcit.

    The general leads the army into the enemies' territory

  • Dux hostium eques est.

    The enemies' leader is a horseman.

  • Equitēs magna pars exercitūs Rōmānī sunt.

    The horsemen are a large part of the Roman army.

  • Dux exercitum per fīnēs patriae in alteram partem dūcit.

    The leader leads the army through the borders of the fatherland into another region

  • Castra Rōmāna fossam et vāllum habent.

    The Roman camp has a ditch and a rampart

  • Equitātus impetum in castra hostium facit.

    The cavalry charges the enemies' camp.

  • Fossa castrōrum mīlle passūs longa est.

    The camp's ditch is a thousand paces long.

  • Castra fossam et vāllum habent; equitātus prope fīnem exspectat.

    The camp has a ditch and a rampart the cavalry waits near the border

  • Duo mīlia mīlitum armātōrum in castrīs sunt.

    Two thousand armed soldiers are in the camp

  • Fossa vestra lāta et alta est.

    Your ditch is wide and deep.

  • Vāllum castrōrum vestrōrum altum et lātum est.

    Your camp's rampart is high and wide.

  • Duo mīlia mīlitum vāllum altum et fossam lātam custōdiunt.

    Two thousand soldiers guard a high rampart and a wide ditch

  • Mīlitēs fortēs arma gravia ferunt et cum hostibus pugnant.

    The brave soldiers carry heavy arms and fight against the enemy.

  • Mīles fortis nōn trīstis, sed laetus est.

    The brave soldier is not sad but glad

  • Rōmānī castra hostium expugnant.

    The Romans storm the enemies' camp.

  • Arma gravia ā mīlitibus fortibus feruntur.

    The heavy arms are carried by the brave soldiers.

  • Mīles fortis scūtum grave fert, sed sagittae levēs sunt.

    The brave soldier carries a heavy shield but the arrows are light

  • Tulliae frāter in Germāniā mīlitat; is Titō avunculus est.

    Tullia's brother is a soldier in Germania; he is Titus' uncle.

  • Castra Rōmāna fossā lātā et vāllō altō ā mīlitibus dēfenduntur.

    The Roman camp is defended by the soldiers with a wide ditch and a high rampart.

  • Mīlitēs Rōmānī patriam suam dēfendunt.

    The Roman soldiers defend their homeland

  • Hostēs mīlitēs Rōmānōs metuunt et fugiunt.

    The enemy fear the Roman soldiers and flee.

  • Dux exercitum suum in duās partēs dīvidit.

    The general divides his army into two parts.

  • Dum hostēs fugiunt, mīlitēs castra dēfendunt et pīla iaciunt.

    While the enemies flee the soldiers defend the camp and throw javelins

  • Germānī et Gallī contrā Rōmānōs pugnant ac patriam suam dēfendunt.

    The Germans and the Gauls fight against the Romans and defend their fatherland.

  • Gallī ac Germānī contrā Rōmānōs pugnant.

    The Gauls and the Germans fight against the Romans

  • Fossa lātior est quam vāllum.

    The ditch is wider than the rampart.

  • Mīlitēs Rōmānī fortiōrēs sunt quam Germānī.

    The Roman soldiers are braver than the Germans.

  • Gallī ac Hispānī contrā Germānōs pugnant et fortiōrēs esse volunt.

    The Gauls and Spaniards fight against the Germans and want to be braver

  • Sagittae ex arcū volant.

    The arrows fly from the bow.

  • Titus est frāter Līviae.

    Titus is Livia's brother.
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