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Capitulum X

Bēstiae et Hominēs

  • Active and passive infinitives
  • Verbs followed by an infinitive
  • The accusative with the infinitive
  • Mixed verbs in -iō
  • The linking words quod, enim and ergō

59 words

Chapter notebook

Words seen

  • bēstia beast, animal
  • fera wild animal, wild beast
  • leō lion
  • asinus donkey, ass
  • avis bird
  • piscis fish
  • aquila eagle
  • pullus young (of an animal), chick
  • homō human being, person, man
  • deus god
  • mercātor merchant, trader
  • nūntius messenger, message, news
  • petasus petasus (broad-brimmed hat), hat
  • nēmō nobody, no one (nēmō = nūllus homō; acc. nēminem, dat. nēminī)
  • āla wing
  • pēs foot
  • cauda tail
  • vōx voice
  • anima breath, air (that one breathes), soul
  • pulmō lung
  • animal living creature, animal (quī animam dūcit animal est)
  • āēr air (the air birds fly in)
  • mare sea
  • flūmen river, stream
  • rāmus branch, bough
  • folium leaf
  • nīdus nest
  • ōvum egg
  • pila ball (pilā lūdere: to play ball)
  • lectus bed, couch
  • īnfīnītīvus infinitive (īnf; īnfīnītīvus praesentis āctīvī: present active infinitive)
  • ferus wild, savage
  • vīvus alive, living (that breathes, as opposed to mortuus)
  • mortuus dead (↔ vīvus)
  • crassus thick, fat, stout
  • tenuis thin, fine, slender (↔ crassus)
  • perterritus terrified, frightened out of one's wits
  • capiō to take, to seize, to catch
  • faciō to make, to do (= agere), to build
  • pariō to lay (eggs), to give birth to
  • volō to fly — volō “I fly” ≠ volō “I want”
  • natō to swim
  • spīrō to breathe
  • occultō to hide (sē occultāre: to hide oneself)
  • moveō to move (sē movēre: to move oneself)
  • sustineō to hold up, support, bear the weight of
  • audeō to dare (+ infinitive) — audet “he dares” ≠ audit “he hears”
  • vīvō to live, to be alive
  • lūdō to play (pilā lūdere: to play ball; lūdere cum + abl.)
  • canō to sing (= cantāre)
  • cadō to fall (ad terram cadere: to fall to the ground)
  • ascendō to climb, go up (in + accusative: in arborem ascendere)
  • possum to be able, can (+ infinitive) — in cap. X: potest, possunt; full present in cap. XV
  • volō to want, to be willing (+ infinitive) — vult, volunt in cap. X; full present in cap. XX
  • necesse necessary (necesse est + dative + infinitive: one must…)
  • cum when, whenever (+ indicative) — ≠ cum “with” + ablative
  • quod because (= quia) — ≠ quod, the neuter relative/interrogative pronoun
  • enim for, indeed (= nam, but NEVER first in its clause)
  • ergō therefore, so (= itaque; first in its clause)

Sentences seen

  • Aquila avis magna est; piscēs et pullōs petit.

    The eagle is a large bird; it goes for fish and for the young.

  • Pāstor asinum et multās ovēs habet.

    The shepherd has a donkey and many sheep

  • Aquila piscēs parvōs videt.

    The eagle sees small fish.

  • Leōnēs et aquilae ferae sunt.

    Lions and eagles are wild beasts.

  • Aquila magna avis est, sed asinus neque volat neque natat.

    The eagle is a large bird but the donkey neither flies nor swims

  • Mercātor nōn deus sed homō est.

    The merchant is not a god, but a man.

  • Canis hominis in pedibus deī dormit.

    The man's dog sleeps at the god's feet.

  • Mercātor nūntium ad amīcum mittit, sed nēmō deum videt.

    The merchant sends a messenger to his friend but nobody sees the god

  • In flūmine multī piscēs sunt.

    In the river there are many fish

  • Avēs in āere piscēs in marī sunt.

    Birds are in the air, fish in the sea.

  • Vōx leōnis magna est.

    The lion's voice is loud.

  • Hominis vōx per āera venit, sed piscis sub aquā tacet.

    The human's voice comes through the air but the fish is silent under water

  • In nīdō ōvum album est.

    There is a white egg in the nest.

  • In rāmīs multa folia sunt.

    There are many leaves on the branches.

  • Avis parva folia ad nīdum portat et ōva in nīdō habet.

    The small bird carries leaves to the nest and has eggs in the nest

  • Lupus ovem perterritam capit.

    The wolf catches a terrified sheep

  • Piscis nōn vīvus sed mortuus est.

    The fish is not alive, but dead.

  • Homō piscem vīvum capit.

    The man catches a live fish.

  • Pullus vīvus tenuēs pedēs habet, sed leō mortuus in terrā iacet.

    The living chick has slender feet but the dead lion lies on the ground

  • Avis ālās movet et volat; piscis caudam movet et natat.

    The bird moves its wings and flies; the fish moves its tail and swims.

  • Animal spīrat et anima in pulmōnēs intrat.

    The animal breathes and the breath enters the lungs

  • Aquila suprā mare volat.

    The eagle flies above the sea.

  • Avēs in nīdīs ōva pariunt.

    Birds lay eggs in their nests.

  • Aquila volat, piscis natat, et avis ōva in nīdō parit.

    The eagle flies the fish swims and the bird lays eggs in the nest

  • Puer in arborem ascendere audet.

    The boy dares to climb the tree

  • Puerī in hortō pilā lūdunt.

    The boys play ball in the garden.

  • Puerī in flūmine lūdere nōn audent.

    The boys do not dare to play in the river.

  • Puer rāmum sustinet, ascendere audet, et postea cum amīcō lūdit.

    The boy holds the branch dares to climb and then plays with his friend

  • Avī ālās movēre necesse est, quod avis sine ālīs volāre nōn potest.

    The bird must move its wings, because without wings a bird cannot fly.

  • Cum canis lātrat, avēs perterritae in caelum volant: canis enim volāre nōn potest, ergō avēs ab eō capī nōn possunt.

    When the dog barks, the terrified birds fly up into the sky: the dog, indeed, cannot fly, and so the birds cannot be caught by it.

  • Avis volāre potest, quod ālās habet.

    The bird can fly because it has wings

  • Pāstōrī ovem quaerere necesse est.

    The shepherd must look for the sheep.

  • Pāstor folia cadere videt.

    The shepherd sees the leaves falling.

  • Pullus volāre vult, sed alas movēre nōndum potest.

    The chick wants to fly but cannot yet move its wings

  • In nīdō ōva sunt.

    There are eggs in the nest.

  • Piscēs in marī sunt.

    The fish are in the sea.

  • Leō est bēstia fera.

    The lion is a wild animal.

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