Capitulum XI

Corpus hūmānum

The dēclīnātiō tertia in the NEUTER: cap. IX gave the masculines and feminines, cap. XI closes the 3rd declension · The neuter's golden rule, true in all five declensions: accūsātīvus = nōminātīvus, singular and plural alike — and the plural ends in -a · Consonant type (corpus, flūmen): sg. —, -is, -ī, -e; pl. -a, -um, -ibus — the pattern of corpus, crūs, caput, ōs, pectus, iecur · I-stem type (mare, animal): abl. sg. in -ī, not -e, plural -ia / -ium — the counter-model the book sets against corpus · The list the book itself declines “ut corpus”: pectus -oris, ōs ōris, crūs crūris, iecur -oris, (cor cordis, caput -itis), plūrālis viscera -um · Recap of the masculines and feminines: in each list a semicolon separates the consonant stems (gen. pl. -um) from the i-stems (-ium) · The accūsātīvus cum īnfīnītīvō: the subordinate subject goes to the ACCUSATIVE and its verb to the INFINITIVE — Iūlia dormit → Iūliam dormīre · The six classes of verbs that govern the AcI, as the book lists them: [1] vidēre, audīre, sentīre; [2] iubēre; [3] dīcere; [4] putāre; [5] gaudēre; [6] necesse esse · AcI with esse: the predicate goes into the accusative too — puer aeger est → puerum aegrum esse (two accusatives, one subject) · The AcI's infinitive can itself govern an infinitive, posse included: medicum puerum sānāre posse putat — three verbs, one finite form · The infinitives of the esse compounds arrive: posse (< potest, possunt), adesse, abesse — the margin tabulates est/potest, sunt/possunt, esse/posse · necesse est changes construction: in cap. X, DATIVE + infinitive (avī volāre necesse est); here, ACCUSATIVE + infinitive (puerum dormīre necesse est) · iubēre = imperāre in meaning, never in syntax: iubēre + ACCUSATIVE + infinitive, imperāre + DATIVE — the book glosses one by the other; do not merge them · Three new prepositions, given in pairs: super + acc. ↔ sub, īnfrā + acc. ↔ suprā, and dē + abl. = “down from” (ab with a downward arrow) · The ablative of respect, glossed by the book itself: pede aeger est = pedem aegrum habet — extended to capite and bracchiō · The ablative of means applied to organs: oculīs vidēre, auribus audīre — the organ is the instrument, with no preposition · Compound verbs drop the preposition, and the book gives the equation: cubiculum intrāre = in cubiculum intrāre, equum ascendere = in equum ascendere · The genitive of content: pōculum aquae, glossed by the book “= pōculum cum aquā” — the genitive says what is inside · The chapter's restrictive and negative correlations: nōn modo… sed etiam, nec modo… sed etiam, neque… neque — with modo = tantum = sōlum, and nec = neque · manus -ūs f, a 4th-declension word introduced BEFORE its declension (cap. XII): the book gives only ūna manus, duae manūs

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