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Capitulum XXXI

Inter pōcula

  • The gerundive in -ndus: what must be done
  • A full adjective: laudandus, laudanda, laudandum
  • With esse, it expresses necessity or obligation
  • The person responsible for acting is put in the dative
  • The neuter without a noun: tacendum est, one must be silent
  • Contrast with the gerund of XXVI, which does not agree

62 words

Chapter notebook

Words seen

  • pōtiō drink
  • rūmor rumour
  • memoria memory
  • mūnus gift, present
  • fidēs trust, faith
  • crux cross
  • iuvenis young man
  • praemium reward
  • poena penalty, punishment
  • iūs right, law
  • lēx law
  • parricīda parricide
  • scelus crime
  • supplicium punishment, capital punishment
  • mōs custom, practice
  • iniūria injustice, wrong
  • senex old man
  • nūgae nonsense, trifles
  • avārus greedy
  • impatiēns impatient
  • īnfēlīx unhappy
  • asinīnus donkey-like, asinine
  • fidus faithful, loyal
  • īnfidus faithless, disloyal
  • fugitīvus runaway, fugitive
  • nimius excessive, too great
  • clēmēns merciful, lenient
  • iūstus just
  • iniūstus unjust
  • sapiēns wise
  • scelestus criminal, wicked
  • crūdēlis cruel
  • vetus old, ancient
  • invalidus weak, feeble
  • dēbilis weak, disabled
  • ēbrius drunk
  • nōnāgēsimus ninetieth
  • optō to wish, to desire
  • aufugiō to run away
  • cruciō to torture
  • lateō to lie hidden
  • retrahō to drag back, to bring back
  • statuō to establish, to decide
  • ignōscō to forgive (+ dative)
  • vetō to forbid
  • ēducō to raise, to educate
  • abdūcō to lead away, to abduct
  • fābulor to chat, to tell stories
  • quantum how much, as much as
  • aliquantum a certain amount, somewhat
  • nimium too much
  • quamobrem why, for which reason
  • ideō for that reason
  • funditus to the bottom, completely
  • priusquam before
  • namque for, indeed
  • cōram before, in the presence of
  • auferō to carry away, to remove
  • fīdō to trust (+ dative or ablative), to rely on
  • cōnfīdō to trust fully (+ dative or ablative)
  • ōdī to hate
  • quisquis whoever, whatever

Sentences seen

  • Rūmor falsus ā virō bonō nōn crēdendus est.

    A false rumour must not be believed by a good man.

  • Memoria bonī mūneris semper servanda est.

    The memory of a good gift must always be preserved.

  • Praemium iuvenī post longum labōrem portandum est.

    A reward must be carried to the young man after long work.

  • Pōtiō aegrotō ā medicō cautē portanda est.

    The drink must be carried carefully to the sick man by the doctor.

  • Lēx Rōmāna ab omnibus cīvibus servanda est.

    Roman law must be observed by all citizens.

  • Scelus grave poenā gravī sevērē pūniendum est.

    A grave crime must be severely punished with a grave penalty.

  • Iūs cuiusque hominis ā iūdice servandum est.

    Every person's right must be protected by the judge.

  • Mōs malus nōn servandus sed mūtandus est.

    A bad custom must not be kept but changed.

  • Senex bonus ab omnibus iuvenibus audiendus est.

    The good old man must be heard by all young people.

  • Nūgae hominis stultī nōn scrībendae sed oblīvīscendae sunt.

    A foolish man's nonsense must not be written but forgotten.

  • Servus fidus ā dominō bonō laudandus est.

    A faithful slave must be praised by a good master.

  • Verba hominis īnfidī cautē audienda sunt.

    A faithless man's words must be heard carefully.

  • Fugitīvus ab homine clēmente cautē vītandus est.

    The runaway must be carefully avoided by a merciful man.

  • Iūdex sapiēns ab omnibus cīvibus audiendus est.

    A wise judge must be heard by all citizens.

  • Dominus crūdēlis et iniūstus ab omnibus vītandus est.

    A cruel and unjust master must be avoided by all.

  • Homō scelestus poenā iūstā pūniendus est.

    A criminal must be punished with a just penalty.

  • Liber vetus ā discipulō dīligenter legendus est.

    The old book must be read carefully by the pupil.

  • Puer invalidus ā medicō bonō servandus est.

    The weak child must be cared for by a good doctor.

  • Homō ēbrius antequam cadat domum dūcendus est.

    The drunk man must be led home before he falls.

  • Pecūnia aliena numquam ab amīcō auferenda est.

    Another person's money must never be taken from a friend.

  • Amīcō fidō et sapientī cōnfīdendum est.

    A faithful and wise friend must be trusted.

  • Nēmō sine causā iūstā cruciandus est.

    No one must be tortured without a just cause.

  • Fugitīvus antequam aufugiat ad iūdicem retrahendus est.

    The runaway must be brought back to the judge before he flees.

  • Hominī quī paenitet semper ignōscendum est.

    One who repents must always be forgiven.

  • Puerī ā parentibus bonīs dīligenter ēducandī sunt.

    Children must be carefully raised by good parents.

  • Nēmō invītus ex urbe longē abdūcendus est.

    No one must be led far from the city unwillingly.

  • Quisquis nimium bibit ab amīcīs monendus est.

    Whoever drinks too much must be warned by friends.

  • Quidquid iūdex vetat ā cīvibus vītandum est.

    Whatever the judge forbids must be avoided by citizens.

  • Quamobrem haec lēx ab omnibus servanda est.

    Why must this law be observed by everyone?

  • Priusquam iūdex veniat ab omnibus tacendum est.

    Before the judge comes, everyone must be silent.

  • Sententia iūsta cōram omnibus cīvibus dīcenda est.

    A just decision must be spoken before all citizens.

  • Mūnus funditus corruptum ideō statim ēiciendum est.

    The completely spoiled gift must therefore be thrown away at once.

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