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Capitulum XXXIII

Exercitus Rōmānus

  • The pluperfect subjunctive: audīvissem, vēnissēs, cēpissent
  • Unreality: utinam adessēs! — utinam adfuissēs!
  • The impersonal passive: pugnātum est, nūntiātum erat, pugnātum esset
  • The future imperative: properātō, properātōte, estō, estōte
  • Attraction: epistulās scrībendī becomes epistulārum scrībendārum
  • dēnī, quīnī, sēnī: how many for each group

75 words

Chapter notebook

Words seen

  • legiō legion
  • cohors cohort
  • legiōnārius legionary
  • agmen marching column
  • aciēs battle line
  • ōrdō order, rank
  • proelium battle
  • caedēs slaughter
  • ēnsis sword
  • vulnus wound
  • imperātor general, commander
  • lēgātus legate, envoy
  • rīpa riverbank
  • amnis river
  • ratis raft
  • stīpendium pay, military service
  • studium eagerness, study
  • virtūs courage, valour
  • valētūdō health
  • aetās age
  • pāx peace
  • gaudium joy
  • vulnerō to wound
  • caedō to strike, to cut down
  • īnstruō to draw up, to arrange
  • prōgredior to advance
  • prōcurrō to run forward, to charge
  • excurrō to rush out
  • ērumpō to break out
  • cōgō to force, to drive together
  • circumdō to surround
  • mūniō to fortify
  • adiungō to join, to add
  • trānseō to cross
  • studeō to devote oneself to (+ dative)
  • dēsīderō to miss, to long for
  • commemorō to mention, to recall
  • convocō to call together
  • cōpulō to join
  • effundō to pour out
  • fatīgō to weary
  • hortor to encourage, to urge
  • praestō to furnish, to fulfil
  • properō to hurry
  • trānsferō to transfer, to carry across
  • idōneus suitable
  • mīlitāris military
  • incolumis unharmed
  • arduus steep, difficult
  • dīrus dreadful, dire
  • horrendus dreadful
  • ōtiōsus idle, at leisure
  • prīvātus private
  • pūblicus public
  • posterus following
  • dēnī ten each
  • quaternī four each
  • quīnī five each
  • sēnī six each
  • trīnī three each
  • ūnī one each
  • plērīque most
  • citerior nearer
  • ulterior farther
  • rīdiculus ridiculous
  • ferē about, almost
  • praecipuē especially
  • prīdiē the day before
  • diūtius longer
  • quamdiū how long, as long as
  • tamdiū so long
  • etenim for indeed
  • citrā on this side of (+ accusative)
  • ultrā beyond (+ accusative)
  • secundum along (+ accusative)

Sentences seen

  • Legiōnāriī ex agmine exeunt et ante proelium aciem faciunt.

    The legionaries leave the marching column and form a battle line before the fight.

  • Singulae legiōnēs complūrēs cohortēs in longō ōrdine habent.

    Each legion has several cohorts arranged in a long order.

  • Agmen lentē prōcēdit sed aciēs firma manet.

    The marching column advances slowly, but the battle line remains firm.

  • Imperātor mīlitēs īnstruit nē in proeliō vulnerentur.

    The commander draws up the soldiers so that they may not be wounded in battle.

  • Post caedem mīles ēnsem condit et grave vulnus cūrat.

    After the slaughter, the soldier hides his sword and tends a serious wound.

  • Hostēs diū caedēbant sed aciem frangere nōn potuērunt.

    The enemy struck for a long time, but they could not break the line.

  • Lēgātus mīlitēs monuit ut ad rīpam sine timōre prōgrederentur.

    The legate warned the soldiers to advance towards the riverbank without fear.

  • Cum hostēs ērūpissent custōdēs ē castrīs excucurrērunt.

    When the enemy broke out, the guards rushed out of the camp.

  • Nēmō mīlitēs iuvenēs ante signum prōcurrere coēgit.

    No one compelled the young soldiers to charge before the signal.

  • Mīlitēs duās ratēs adiūnxērunt ut latum amnem trānsīrent.

    The soldiers joined two rafts in order to cross the wide river.

  • Imperātor castra mūnīvit et fossā altā circumdedit.

    The commander fortified the camp and surrounded it with a deep ditch.

  • Post stīpendium legiōnāriī stīpendia prope rīpam accēpērunt.

    After their service, the legionaries received their pay near the riverbank.

  • Mīles senex litterīs studet quia valētūdō bellum iam nōn patitur.

    The old soldier devotes himself to letters, for his health no longer permits war.

  • Pāx cīvibus bellō fessīs magnum gaudium attulit.

    Peace brought great joy to the citizens exhausted by war.

  • Virtūtem nōn aetās sed facta ostendunt.

    It is not age but deeds that reveal courage.

  • Imperātor veterānōs convocāvit et proelia antīqua commemorāvit.

    The commander called the veterans together and reminded them of former battles.

  • Lēgātus virōs fatīgātōs hortābātur nē sanguinem frūstrā effunderent.

    The legate urged the weary men not to shed blood in vain.

  • Absentēs amīcōs dēsīderant quōs stīpendium cōpulāverat.

    Those who are absent miss the friends whom military service had joined.

  • Properāte vulnerātōs ad locum idōneum et tūtum trānsferre.

    Hurry to carry the wounded to a suitable and safe place.

  • Mīles officium arduum praestitit atque incolumis rediit.

    The soldier fulfilled a difficult duty and returned unharmed.

  • Studium mīlitāre ducem huic operī arduō idōneum facit.

    Military eagerness makes the leader suitable for this difficult task.

  • Posterō diē dēnī mīlitēs ex singulīs cohortibus viam pūblicam custōdiēbant.

    On the following day, ten soldiers from each cohort were guarding the public road.

  • Cīvis prīvātus atque ōtiōsus labōrēs castrōrum horrendōs ignōrat.

    A private citizen at leisure does not know the dreadful labours of the camp.

  • Nūntius dīrus cīvēs in aedificiō pūblicō turbāvit.

    The dire news disturbed the citizens in the public building.

  • Plērīque mīlitēs quīnī amnem trānsīvērunt.

    Most of the soldiers crossed the river in groups of five.

  • Trīnae tantum litterae ē castrīs in rīpā citeriōre vēnērunt.

    Only three letters arrived from the camp on the nearer bank.

  • Singulī custōdēs quaternōs captīvōs ad ūnam portam dūxērunt.

    Each guard led four prisoners towards a single gate.

  • Prīdiē ferē centum virī ad rīpam ulteriōrem pervēnerant.

    The day before, about a hundred men had reached the farther bank.

  • Tamdiū mīlitēs procul ā Rōmā manēbunt quamdiū bellum gerētur.

    The soldiers will remain away from Rome as long as the war lasts.

  • Imperātor praecipuē cupīvit nē vulnerātī diūtius dolērent.

    The commander especially wished the wounded not to suffer any longer.

  • Cōnsilium rīdiculum vidēbātur etenim ratis citrā amnem manēbat.

    The plan seemed ridiculous, for the raft remained on this side of the river.

  • Explōrātōrēs secundum rīpam prōgressī sunt sed nōn ultrā fīnēs.

    The scouts advanced along the riverbank, but not beyond the frontier.

  • Nōlīte rīdēre ultrā amnem enim perīculum nūllō modō rīdiculum est.

    Do not laugh: beyond the river, the danger is not at all ridiculous.

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