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Capitulum IX

Pāstor et Ovēs

  • The third declension
  • The stem revealed by the genitive
  • Plurals in -um and -ium
  • The prepositions suprā and sub
  • dum and ut with the indicative

49 words

Chapter notebook

Words seen

  • campus plain, field, open country
  • rīvus brook, stream
  • silva wood, forest
  • terra earth, land, ground
  • herba grass, herb
  • caelum sky, heaven
  • umbra shade, shadow
  • vestīgium footprint, track, mark
  • mōns mountain
  • vallis valley
  • collis hill
  • arbor tree
  • sōl sun
  • nūbēs cloud
  • pāstor shepherd
  • ovis sheep, ewe
  • canis dog (m/f: also “bitch”)
  • lupus wolf
  • cibus food
  • pānis bread, loaf
  • dēns tooth
  • timor fear, dread
  • clāmor shout, cry, clamour
  • niger black, dark
  • albus white
  • ūndēcentum ninety-nine (99; ūn-dē-centum: “one from a hundred”)
  • ipse himself, herself, itself (lupus ipse: the wolf himself), the very…
  • edō to eat (ēst “he eats” ≠ est “he is”: the macron changes the meaning)
  • bibō to drink
  • lūceō to shine, to be bright
  • iaceō to lie, to be lying down
  • petō to make for, head for, to attack, go for, to seek, ask for
  • dūcō to lead, to guide, to take (somewhere)
  • relinquō to leave, to leave behind, to abandon
  • lātrō to bark
  • errō to wander, to roam, to stray
  • quaerō to look for, seek, to ask
  • reperiō to find, to discover
  • ululō to howl (of a wolf)
  • bālō to bleat
  • accurrō to come running, to run up
  • impōnō to put on, place on (+ in + accusative), to load onto
  • dēclīnō to decline (a noun); passive dēclīnātur: “is declined”
  • modus way, manner (hōc modō: in this way)
  • dēclīnātiō declension (dēcl.; dēclīnātiō tertia: the 3rd declension)
  • suprā above, over (+ accusative)
  • sub under, beneath (+ ablative: place where)
  • dum while (+ present indicative), until
  • ut like, as (+ nominative)

Sentences seen

  • Campus magnus est; in campō herba est, sed puerī in silvā ambulant.

    The plain is large; in the plain there is grass, but the boys are walking in the wood.

  • In rīvō multa aqua est.

    There is much water in the stream.

  • Puerī per silvam magnam ambulant.

    The boys walk through the big wood.

  • Sub caelō serēnō puer in campō herbam videt.

    Under a clear sky a boy sees grass in the plain

  • In valle magnā multae arborēs sunt.

    In the big valley there are many trees

  • Puerī multās nūbēs in caelō vident.

    The boys see many clouds in the sky.

  • Umbra arboris in valle est.

    The tree's shade is in the valley.

  • Nūbēs suprā montem sunt, sed sōl suprā collem est.

    The clouds are above the mountain but the sun is above the hill

  • Pāstor pānem habet et canem vocat; ovēs in campō sunt.

    The shepherd has bread and calls the dog; the sheep are in the plain.

  • Pāstor canī pānem dat.

    The shepherd gives the dog some bread.

  • Canis pāstōris lupum in silvā videt.

    The shepherd's dog sees the wolf in the wood.

  • Canis cum pāstōre ambulat et lupum procul videt.

    The dog walks with the shepherd and sees the wolf far away

  • Pāstor ipse ovēs numerat: duodecim ovēs albae in campō sunt, sed ovis nigra nōn adest.

    The shepherd himself counts the sheep: twelve white sheep are in the plain, but the black sheep is not there.

  • Pāstor ipse ovēs albās et nigrās numerat.

    The shepherd himself counts the white and black sheep

  • Canis niger ad ovem albam currit.

    The black dog runs to the white sheep.

  • Lupus ipse ovem nigram ēst.

    The wolf himself eats the black sheep.

  • Ovis alba pānem ēst, sed canis niger cibum habet.

    The white sheep eats bread but the black dog has food

  • Pāstor ovēs ad rīvum dūcit.

    The shepherd leads the sheep to the stream.

  • Pāstor canem in campō relinquit.

    The shepherd leaves the dog in the plain.

  • Dum sōl lūcet, canis prope rīvum iacet et aquam bibit.

    While the sun shines the dog lies near the brook and drinks water

  • Ovis nigra in silvā errat et bālat; canis accurrit et lātrat.

    The black sheep wanders in the wood and bleats; the dog comes running and barks.

  • Canis lātrat et pāstor accurrit.

    The dog barks and the shepherd comes running

  • Lupus in silvā ululat et ovēs bālant.

    The wolf howls in the wood and the sheep bleat.

  • Canis vestīgia lupī in terrā reperit.

    The dog finds the wolf's tracks in the ground.

  • Ovis errat; pāstor eam quaerit et canis vestīgia in terrā reperit.

    A sheep wanders the shepherd seeks her and the dog finds footprints on the ground

  • Dum pāstor ovēs numerat, ovis nigra silvam petit et ā cane nōn vidētur.

    While the shepherd counts the sheep, a black sheep makes for the wood and is not seen by the dog.

  • Sōl suprā montēs lūcet ut gemma; sub arboribus autem umbra est, ubi ovis ipsa cum cane pāstōris iacet.

    The sun shines above the mountains like a gem; under the trees, however, there is shade, where the sheep herself lies with the shepherd's dog.

  • Canis niger ut lupus est.

    The black dog is like a wolf

  • Dum sōl lūcet ovēs in campō sunt.

    While the sun shines, the sheep are in the open country.

  • Ovēs sub arbore iacent dum sōl lūcet.

    The sheep are lying under the tree while the sun shines.

  • Dum ovēs sub arbore iacent, pāstor prope rīvum est.

    While the sheep lie under the tree the shepherd is near the brook

  • Aqua in rīvō est.

    The water is in the stream.

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